:root{--content:50rem;--rail:clamp(9rem,12vw,14rem);--base-font:17px;--text-color:#0d0f12;--bg-color:#fff}html{font-size:16px;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto;scroll-behavior:smooth;scrollbar-gutter:stable}body,html{overflow-x:hidden;max-width:100vw;touch-action:pan-y;overscroll-behavior-x:none}body{color:var(--text-color);background:var(--bg-color);margin:0;font-family:Times,Times New Roman,serif;font-size:var(--base-font);font-weight:400;line-height:1.45}a{color:inherit}em{color:#0d0f12}.layout{position:relative;padding-top:0;overscroll-behavior-x:none}.site-banner{background:#fff;color:#0d0f12;text-align:center;padding:96px 24px 16px;max-width:var(--content);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto 24px}.site-banner__title{margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:400;font-size:1.75rem;letter-spacing:0}.site-banner__title a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.site-banner__title a:hover{text-decoration:none}.site-banner__nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:0}.site-banner__link{color:#0d0f12;text-decoration:none;font-size:.95rem}.site-banner__link:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}.brand-left{top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) + 8px);left:clamp(6px,1vw,24px);font-size:clamp(1.2rem,2.4vw,2rem)}.brand-left,.brand-right{position:absolute;font-weight:200;color:inherit;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}.brand-right{top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) + 12px);right:clamp(6px,1vw,24px);font-size:clamp(.95rem,1.6vw,1.1rem)}.brand-right-group{position:absolute;top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) + 8px);right:clamp(6px,1vw,24px);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:clamp(10px,1.4vw,16px)}.brand-right-group .brand-right{position:static}@media (max-width:600px){.brand-right-group{top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) + 10px);right:clamp(6px,2vw,16px);gap:10px}.brand-right{font-size:.95rem}}.group{display:grid;grid-template-columns:var(--rail) minmax(0,var(--content)) var(--rail);grid-column-gap:3rem;column-gap:3rem;max-width:calc(var(--content) + (2 * var(--rail)) + 2 * 3rem);margin:0 auto}.group>section{grid-column:2;padding:1.2rem 0 6rem}.post .hero-spacer{height:9.5rem}.group>.toc{grid-column:1}.group>.right-rail{grid-column:3}.post .toc{align-self:start;padding-top:calc(var(--toc-offset, 41.6rem) + 30rem);padding-left:0;display:block}.post .toc nav{width:max-content;margin-left:0;margin-right:auto;text-align:left;transform:translateX(-2.5rem)}.post-header h1{margin:2.2rem 0 .2rem;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.4vw,2.4rem)}.post-date{margin:0 0 1.4rem;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);text-shadow:none;font-size:1.05em}.paper-badge{display:block;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;margin:1.3rem auto .8rem;padding:.4rem .8rem;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:999px;background:#f3f3f3;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(8px);backdrop-filter:blur(8px);font-size:.92rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.1);text-align:center}.paper-badge a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}.paper-badge a:hover{color:#000}.post .post-header{text-align:center;position:relative;transform:translateY(4rem)}.hero-background{position:relative}.hero-background:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:100vw;height:100%;background-color:#0d0f12;background-size:cover;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;z-index:-1}.hero-background .post-header,.hero-background .post-header .post-date,.hero-background .post-header h1,.hero-background .post-header h3{color:#fff}.hero-background .post-header .post-date{text-shadow:none}.video-spillover{margin-top:-3rem;transform:translateY(8.2rem);position:relative;z-index:1}.inline-video{position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center}.inline-video video{width:min(92%,50rem);height:auto;border-radius:8px;background:#000;display:block;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.inline-video .video-play{position:absolute;inset:0;display:grid;place-items:center;background:transparent;border:none;cursor:pointer;opacity:1;transition:opacity .16s ease,transform .16s ease;z-index:2}.inline-video .video-play .icon{transform:none}.inline-video:hover .video-play{opacity:1}.inline-video.is-playing .video-play{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}.inline-video:not(.is-playing) video{pointer-events:none}h1{font-size:1.75rem;margin:2.2rem 0 .8rem}h1,h2{font-weight:400;color:#000}h2{font-size:1.25rem;margin:1.8rem 0 .4rem}h3{font-size:1rem;margin:1.4rem 0 .3rem;color:#000}.post h1,.post h2,.post h3,h3{font-weight:400}.post h2{font-size:1.4rem}.post h3{font-size:1.2rem}.hero-background .post-header h1{font-weight:400;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;letter-spacing:.01em}.hero-background .post-header h3{font-weight:400;font-size:1.05rem}.hash-anchor{opacity:0;margin-left:.5rem;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0,0,0,.45);transition:opacity .12s ease-in-out,color .12s ease-in-out}h1:hover .hash-anchor,h2:hover .hash-anchor,h3:hover .hash-anchor{opacity:1}.hash-anchor:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.75)}.post h1[id],.post h2[id],.post h3[id]{scroll-margin-top:72px}p{margin:.9rem 0}.post section p{margin:1rem 0}.post section p+p{margin-top:1rem}ol,ul{padding-left:1.2rem}figure{margin:1.8rem 0}figcaption{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.85em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.62);text-align:center}figcaption .figlabel{font-weight:700}.figref{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.figref:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}figure[id]{scroll-margin-top:72px}.figure-wide{margin:2rem -4rem;width:calc(95% + 8rem);max-width:95vw}.figure-wide img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.figure-center{width:100%;margin:2rem 0}.figure-center img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}#fig-4 img{width:80%;max-width:80%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.video-embed{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:3rem}.video-embed video{width:min(92%,50rem);height:auto;border-radius:8px;background:#000;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.collapsible-video{margin:1rem 0 1.4rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}.collapsible-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;padding:.5rem .7rem;background:rgba(0,0,0,.035);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:8px;color:rgba(0,0,0,.75);cursor:pointer}.collapsible-toggle:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.collapsible-toggle .chevron{transition:transform .16s ease;margin-left:.2rem}.collapsible-toggle.open .chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}.collapsible-toggle .play-icon{display:inline-flex;color:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.collapsible-toggle .label{font-weight:500}.collapsible-panel{margin-top:.6rem}figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.katex{font-size:1em}.katex-display{margin:1rem 0}.home-hero{text-align:center;margin:4rem 0 2rem}.home-hero h1{font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.6vw,2.4rem);margin:0 0 .4rem}.home-hero .tagline{font-style:italic;opacity:.8;margin:0}.home-list .home-items{grid-column:2}.home-item{display:grid;grid-template-columns:10rem 1fr;grid-column-gap:2rem;column-gap:2rem;padding:.8rem 0}.home-item .meta{color:#71757e}.home-item h2{margin:0 0 .3rem;font-size:1.05rem}.home-item .author{margin:.2rem 0;font-style:italic}.home-item .summary{margin:.2rem 0;opacity:.8}.toc nav{margin-top:2.2rem}.toc ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.toc li{margin:.35rem 0}.toc a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.75);text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;font-size:1.25em}.toc a:hover{color:#000}.toc .toc-h1{font-weight:500;margin-top:.6rem}.toc .toc-h1:first-child{margin-top:0}.toc .toc-h2{padding-left:1rem;font-size:1em}.toc .toc-h2 a{font-size:1.05em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.toc .toc-h3{padding-left:2rem;font-size:.95em}.toc .toc-h3 a{font-size:1em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}@media (max-width:1400px){.post .toc,.toc{display:none}}@media (max-width:1024px){:root{--rail:clamp(8rem,12vw,12rem)}}@media (max-width:900px){.group{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:0;max-width:min(100%,44rem)}.group>section{grid-column:1;padding:1.2rem 1.2rem 4rem}.group>.toc{display:none}.group>.right-rail{display:contents}.group>.right-rail .footnotes{display:none}.home-list .home-items{grid-column:1;padding:0 1.2rem}.home-item{grid-template-columns:1fr;row-gap:.2rem}.home-item .meta{order:-1;margin-bottom:.2rem}.video-spillover{transform:translateY(3rem);margin-top:-1rem}.post .hero-spacer{height:6rem}.video-embed{gap:1.2rem}.inline-video video,.video-embed video{width:min(96%,42rem)}.post .post-header{transform:translateY(1.6rem)}.paper-badge{margin:.6rem auto .8rem;width:auto;max-width:calc(100% - 1.6rem);border-radius:12px;padding:.6rem .8rem;white-space:normal;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.paper-badge a{word-break:break-word}.hero-background:before{left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);width:100vw}.figure-wide{margin:1.6rem 0;width:100%;max-width:100%}.footnote-inline{display:block}}@media (max-width:600px){.site-banner{padding:24px 16px 12px}.site-banner__title{font-size:1.5rem}.site-banner__nav{gap:8px}}@keyframes pageFadeIn{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(0)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.page-enter{animation:pageFadeIn .32s ease-out both}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.page-enter{animation:none}}@media (min-width:1800px){:root{--rail:clamp(11rem,12vw,16rem)}}.toc{position:static}.footnotes,.right-rail{position:relative}.footnote{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;transform:translateY(.15rem)}.footnotes ol{display:none}.footnote,.footnotes{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.45;color:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.footnote-number{font-weight:500;margin-right:.3rem}.footnote-backref{text-decoration:none;margin-left:.35rem;opacity:.7}.footnote-backref:hover{opacity:1}.footnote-inline{margin:.35rem 0 .9rem;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.45;color:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.sidenote-ref{font-size:.75em;vertical-align:super;line-height:0}.sidenote-ref a{text-decoration:none;opacity:.8}.sidenote-ref a:hover{text-decoration:underline;opacity:1}.footnote-anchor{position:relative}.algorithm-steps{margin:1.4rem 0;padding:.9rem 1rem 1rem;background:rgba(0,0,0,.025);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-radius:6px;font-size:.96em;color:inherit}.algorithm-steps>ol,.algorithm-steps>ul{margin:.1rem 0 0;padding-left:1.2rem}.algorithm-steps li{margin:.4rem 0}.algorithm-steps strong{font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.algorithm-steps .katex-display{margin:.5rem 0 .8rem}.post-footer{grid-column:2;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding:2rem 0 3rem}@media (max-width:900px){.post-footer{grid-column:1;padding:1.6rem 0 2.2rem}}.post-footer .back-to-top{text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}.post-footer .back-to-top:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:underline}.citation-box{padding:.9rem 1rem;font-size:.8em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.65)}.citation-bibtex,.citation-box{margin:.6rem 0 1.4rem;background:rgba(0,0,0,.035);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:6px}.citation-bibtex{padding:1rem 1.1rem;overflow-x:auto;font-size:.75em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.62)}.citation-bibtex pre{margin:0;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}.copyable{position:relative}.copyable .copy-btn{position:absolute;top:.4rem;right:.5rem;padding:.28rem;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15);border-radius:6px;background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.9);color:rgba(0,0,0,.55);cursor:pointer;opacity:0;transform:translateY(-2px);transition:opacity .14s ease,transform .14s ease,color .14s ease,box-shadow .14s ease,background-color .14s ease,border-color .14s ease}.copyable:hover .copy-btn{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}.copyable .copy-btn:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.copyable .copy-btn.copied{background:rgba(0,0,0,.06);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.22);color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);animation:copiedPulse .38s ease}@keyframes copiedPulse{0%{transform:scale(1);box-shadow:0 0 0 0 transparent}40%{transform:scale(1.04);box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}to{transform:scale(1);box-shadow:0 0 0 0 transparent}}.citation-bibtex.copyable>div,.citation-box.copyable>div{padding-right:2.1rem}